Why is China more developed than India despite having the world’s largest population?

The question of why China is more developed than India despite having the world's largest population is multifaceted and involves a complex interplay of historical, political, economic, and social factors. Some key factors that have contributed to China's development relative to India include:

Economic Policies: China has pursued a more centralized and controlled approach to economic development, characterized by rapid industrialization, infrastructure investment, and export-oriented growth. The Chinese government implemented economic reforms in the late 20th century under Deng Xiaoping's leadership, including the opening up of the economy to foreign investment and the establishment of special economic zones. These reforms facilitated China's integration into the global economy and fuelled its economic growth.

Investment in Infrastructure: China has made significant investments in infrastructure development, including transportation networks, energy systems, and telecommunications. This investment has helped to spur economic growth, facilitate trade and commerce, and improve living standards for many Chinese citizens.

Education and Human Capital: China has placed a strong emphasis on education and human capital development, investing in the expansion of educational opportunities, the training of skilled workers, and the development of a competitive workforce. China's focus on education has helped to foster innovation, technological advancement, and productivity growth in key sectors of the economy.

Political Stability and Policy Consistency: China's political system, characterized by one-party rule under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), has provided stability and continuity in policymaking, enabling long-term planning and implementation of strategic initiatives. This political stability has helped to attract investment, promote economic development, and maintain social order.

Demographic Factors: China's demographic structure, including its large population base and demographic dividend (the proportion of the population in the working-age group), has contributed to its economic growth by providing a large labour force and consumer market. However, China is also facing challenges associated with an aging population and a shrinking workforce, which may pose risks to its future economic growth.

Global Trade and Foreign Investment: China's integration into the global economy as a major manufacturing hub and exporter has driven its economic growth and development. The country has attracted substantial foreign investment and engaged in trade partnerships with countries around the world, contributing to its economic success.

While China has achieved remarkable economic growth and development in recent decades, it's important to acknowledge that development outcomes are multifaceted, and comparisons between countries can be complex. India also has unique strengths and opportunities for development, and factors such as political institutions, governance structures, social policies, and cultural dynamics play important roles in shaping development trajectories. Additionally, development is an ongoing process, and both China and India continue to face challenges and opportunities in their paths toward sustainable and inclusive growth.