Which is the older civilization, Mohenjo-daro or Egypt?

Both Mohenjo-daro and ancient Egypt are among the oldest civilizations in human history, but they emerged in different regions and at different times.

Mohenjo-daro was part of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, which flourished in the Indus River Valley (in present-day Pakistan and northwest India) from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. Mohenjo-daro itself was one of the major cities of this civilization and is estimated to have been founded around 2500 BCE. The Indus Valley Civilization is renowned for its advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and distinctive script, although much about its culture and language remains un-deciphered.

Ancient Egypt, on the other hand, developed along the Nile River in northeast Africa. The civilization of ancient Egypt is traditionally divided into three major periods: the Old Kingdom (circa 2686–2181 BCE), the Middle Kingdom (circa 2055–1650 BCE), and the New Kingdom (circa 1550–1077 BCE), although Egypt's history spans much longer. Ancient Egyptian civilization is renowned for its monumental architecture, such as the pyramids, temples, and sphinxes, as well as its hieroglyphic writing system, art, and religious beliefs.

In terms of antiquity, ancient Egypt is generally considered to be older than the Indus Valley Civilization. The earliest evidence of Egyptian civilization dates back to the Neolithic period (circa 6000 BCE), while the earliest evidence of the Indus Valley Civilization dates to the Early Harappan phase (circa 3300–2600 BCE). Therefore, while both civilizations are ancient and contributed significantly to human history, ancient Egypt predates the Indus Valley Civilization by several millennia.