Why is the Ottoman Empire called an empire? Why not just call it the Ottoman Sultanate?

There are two main reasons why the Ottoman state is referred to as an "empire" rather than simply a "sultanate":

1. Scale and Scope:

Empire: An empire typically denotes a large, multi-ethnic state with a central governing body ruling over diverse populations and territories. This definition perfectly encapsulates the Ottoman state, which at its peak spanned across three continents (Europe, Asia, and Africa) and encompassed various ethnicities and religious groups under its rule.

Sultanate: While a sultanate can be a powerful state, it often implies a smaller realm ruled by a sultan, typically with a more homogenous population and less diverse territories. This description doesn't fully capture the vastness and complexity of the Ottoman state, which transcended the characteristics of a typical sultanate.

2. Historical Context:

The term "empire" was widely used throughout history to describe large, powerful states with extensive territories and influence. This established usage naturally came to be applied to the Ottoman state, reflecting its position as a major power on the global stage for centuries.

While the Ottomans themselves used various titles for their state, including "sultanate," in the broader historical context and international discourse, the term "empire" became the most widely recognized and accepted label due to its established meaning and the scale of the Ottoman state.

Therefore, the designation "Ottoman Empire" reflects the vastness, diversity, and international standing of the state, aligning more accurately with the established historical understanding of the term "empire" compared to "sultanate" which has a narrower connotation.