The identification of the pharaoh during the time of the biblical Exodus remains a subject of debate among historians and scholars. The Bible does not explicitly name the pharaoh of Egypt during the Exodus story, which has led to various theories and interpretations regarding the historical context of the Exodus narrative.
The traditional timeline for the biblical Exodus places it
around the 13th century BCE, during the reign of the New Kingdom pharaohs.
However, some scholars propose alternative chronologies that place the Exodus
earlier, potentially during the Late Bronze Age.
The pharaoh traditionally associated with the biblical
Exodus in popular culture and religious tradition is often identified as Ramses
II (also known as Ramesses the Great), who ruled Egypt during the 13th century
BCE. Ramses II is known for his ambitious building projects and military
campaigns, making him a prominent figure in Egyptian history.
However, there is limited historical evidence to
conclusively link Ramses II with the events described in the Exodus narrative,
and alternative theories propose different pharaohs and periods for the Exodus.
Some scholars suggest pharaohs from the earlier 18th or 19th dynasties of the
New Kingdom, such as Thutmose III or Amenhotep II, as potential candidates for
the pharaoh of the Exodus.
Ultimately, the identity of the pharaoh during the time of
the Exodus remains uncertain, and it is challenging to definitively link
specific historical figures with the events described in the biblical
narrative. The Exodus story is a complex blend of history, mythology, and
religious tradition, and its interpretation continues to generate scholarly
discussion and debate.
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