What are the darkest secrets of the Byzantine Empire?

 It's important to note that historical narratives about the Byzantine Empire are based on a combination of primary sources, archaeological evidence, and interpretations by historians. While there are aspects of Byzantine history that may be considered controversial or involve political intrigues, it's not accurate to frame them as "darkest secrets" in the sense of hidden or scandalous information.

That said, here are some aspects of Byzantine history that have been subjects of scholarly discussion and debate:

1. **Political Intrigues and Power Struggles:** Like many historical empires, the Byzantine Empire experienced periods of political instability, coups, and power struggles. Various emperors faced challenges to their rule, and instances of political intrigue were not uncommon.

2. **Religious Controversies:** The Byzantine Empire experienced significant religious controversies, including the Iconoclastic Controversy, which involved debates over the use of religious icons. These controversies sometimes led to tensions within the empire and the persecution of individuals holding opposing views.

3. **Relations with the Roman Catholic Church:** The Great Schism of 1054 marked the formal split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. While the theological differences played a role, political and cultural factors were also involved, leading to tensions and eventual separation.

4. **Massacres and Violence:** Like many medieval states, the Byzantine Empire faced external threats and internal challenges that sometimes resulted in violence and massacres. The Nika Riots in 532, for example, resulted in significant bloodshed in Constantinople.

5. **Dynastic Struggles and Family Conflicts:** The Byzantine Empire witnessed numerous dynastic struggles and conflicts within ruling families. Succession disputes and familial rivalries occasionally led to violence and political instability.

It's crucial to approach historical narratives with an understanding of the context in which events occurred. While certain aspects of Byzantine history may be considered controversial or tumultuous, they should be viewed within the broader context of the complex political, cultural, and religious landscape of the time. Historical research is an ongoing process, and scholars continue to refine their understanding of Byzantine history based on new discoveries and interpretations.