The historical evidence suggests that Jesus likely spoke Aramaic as his primary language, given the cultural and linguistic context of first-century Palestine. However, during the time of Jesus, the Roman Empire had a widespread use of Latin, and Greek was also a common language in various regions under Roman rule.
In interactions with the Romans or others who may have spoken different languages, it's plausible that Jesus and those around him used interpreters or translators, as multilingualism was not uncommon in the ancient world. Furthermore, some scholars argue that Jesus might have had a basic knowledge of Greek, which was a lingua franca in the Eastern Mediterranean during that period.
The Gospels of the New Testament, which contain accounts of Jesus' life and teachings, were written in Greek. This suggests that the early Christian communities, who were likely familiar with Greek, translated the sayings of Jesus into the language of their written records. The Gospels do not specifically detail how Jesus communicated with non-Aramaic speakers, but the use of interpreters or translators would have been a practical solution in a multicultural and multilingual setting.
It's essential to recognize the linguistic diversity of the ancient world and the likelihood that individuals, especially in trade and administrative centers, may have had some proficiency in more than one language. The specific details of language use in ancient times, including Jesus' interactions with Romans, are not explicitly detailed in historical records, leaving room for interpretation and speculation.
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